Table 1

Rank of Means With Standard Deviations for the Perceived Barriers to Career Advancement of African American Higher-Level Female Administrators Ranked from Serious Factor to Not a Factor (n = 49).

Variable Label M SD

Q25 exclusion from informal socialization 4.78 1.96

Q17 men refer their male associates to jobs 4.66 2.11

Q27 small proportion of women in administration 4.12 2.08

Q26 lack of influential mentors 4.12 2.29

Q13 lack of professional network 4.00 2.01

Q15 lack of prior opportunities to qualify 3.68 2.13

Q18 lack of career mobility 3.67 1.97

Q14 other’s preferences for male administrators 3.32 1.99

Q16 differential treatment on the basis of sex 3.28 1.80

Q21 problems overcoming stereotypes 3.22 1.80

Q19 role conflicts between wife/mom and career 3.04 1.99

Q23 superiors’ negative attitudes about women 2.88 1.87

Q20 lack of role models 2.84 1.86

Q29 more training required to be competitive 2.80 1.74

Q28 lack of motivation to pursue new positions 2.70 1.90

Q22 lowered aspirations 2.54 1.82

Q24 lack of encouragement from family/peers 1.66 1.21

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Note. 1 = Not a Factor; 7 = Serious Factor